Basic anatomy and physiology of neural system

1. Cells in nervous system

Nerve cells(neurons)

Send and receive signals

Glial cells(neuroglia)

support and protect neurons(astrocytes, microglial cells)
form myelin

• oligodendrocytes(brain)
• Schwann cells(PNS)

in the retina…

photoreceptor cells: rods, cones
neurons: ganglion, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine
glial: muller, astrocytes

2. Synapse

Synaptic potentials

Chemical transmitter : Acetylcholine, Noradrenaline…

Synapse

• chemically coupled
• electrically coupled

Type of PSP(post synaptic potential)

• EPSP(excitatory): depolarization
• IPSP(inhibitory): hyperpolarization